National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) Dental Hygienist Practice Test

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The patient was born with a bilateral cleft lip on the right side. A cleft in this area occurs when what processes fail to fuse during fetal development?

  1. Frontonasal and stomadeum

  2. Frontonasal and maxillary

  3. Maxillary and medial nasal

  4. Medial nasal and frontonasal

The correct answer is: Maxillary and medial nasal

A bilateral cleft lip occurs when there is a failure of fusion between specific structures during fetal development. In the case of a cleft lip, particularly one that occurs on one side (as indicated by "right side"), it primarily involves the maxillary processes and the medial nasal processes. The medial nasal processes are responsible for forming the center of the upper lip and the premaxilla, while the maxillary processes contribute to the sides of the lips and the hard palate. The cleft results from the incomplete fusion of these two structures, leading to a gap or split in the upper lip. A thorough understanding of embryonic development is essential, as it helps in identifying the specific anatomical areas that are involved in such conditions. This knowledge is crucial for dental hygienists and other healthcare providers when planning appropriate care strategies for patients with cleft conditions.

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